They discovered that this ice cap had shrunk to 8.0 km 2 (3.1 sq mi) by 1976 and to 5.7 km 2 (2.2 sq mi) by 2011. Using pre-existing aerial imagery and remote sensing data, Sarıkaya and others studied the extent of the ice cap on Mount Ararat between 19.
At that time, it was found that the present glaciers on the summit of Ararat extend as low as an elevation of 3,900 meters (12,800 ft) on the north-facing slope, and an elevation of 4,200 meters (13,800 ft) on its south-facing slope. In the late 1950s, Blumenthal observed that there existed 11 outlet glaciers emerging from a summit snow mass that covered about 10 km 2 (3.9 sq mi). The ice cap on the summit of Mount Ararat has been shrinking since at least 1957. The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat, the lower peak of the Ararat massif. Iran eventually agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a territorial exchange. In the late 1920s, Turkey crossed the Iranian border and occupied the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat as part of its effort to quash the KurdishArarat rebellion, during which the Kurdish rebels used the area as a safe haven against the Turkish state. It formally became part of Turkey according to the 1921 Treaty of Moscow and Treaty of Kars. The mountain came under Turkish control during the 1920 Turkishâ∺rmenian War.
The current international boundaries were formed throughout the 20th century. Little Ararat became the point where the Turkish, Persian, and Russian imperial frontiers converged. Following the 1826â∲8 Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the Persian controlled territory was ceded to the Russian Empire. From the 16th century until 1828 the range was part of the Ottoman-Persian border Great Ararat's summit and the northern slopes, along with the eastern slopes of Little Ararat were controlled by Persia.
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